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  11. Early Detection Of Age-related Decline Of Muscle Cell Mass By Intracellular Water Assessment Compared With Mri Or Dxa

Early Detection of Age-Related Decline of Muscle Cell Mass by Intracellular Water Assessment Compared With MRI or DXA

Akifumi Maeda1,2, Yosuke Yamada3,4,5, Maito Yamagishi1

  • 1Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan.

Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
|June 4, 2025

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Segmental bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (S-BIS) detects age-related muscle mass decline earlier than MRI or DXA. This method, measuring intracellular water (ICW), reveals muscle cell mass (MCM) decreases starting in the early 40s, earlier than previously thought.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Aging Research
  • Skeletal Muscle Physiology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Age-related decline in muscle strength is linked to decreased skeletal muscle mass (SMM).
  • Current SMM estimation methods (MRI, DXA) may overestimate muscle loss by including extracellular water.
  • Segmental bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (S-BIS) differentiates intracellular water (ICW) for more accurate muscle cell mass (MCM) assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare age-related differences in SMM measured by S-BIS, MRI, and DXA across a wide age range.
  • To identify the optimal method for evaluating age-related muscle tissue changes.
  • To determine the onset of age-related decline in SMM and MCM.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 41 women and 43 men in Japan (mean age 53.51 years).
Keywords:
ageingbioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (S‐BIS)dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA)magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

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  • SMM estimated using DXA (leg lean mass), MRI (mid-thigh muscle cross-sectional area), and S-BIS (thigh ICW, ECW/TW ratio).
  • Parameters normalized to the 30-39-year group; segmented regression analysis used to find age breaking points.

    • Main Results:

    • All SMM parameters decreased significantly with age (p < 0.05).
    • Extracellular water to total water ratio (ECW/TW) increased with age (p < 0.05).
    • Age breaking points for SMM decline were 57.7 years (DXA), 56.3 years (MRI), and 43.2 years (S-BIS ICW).

    Conclusions:

    • S-BIS is more sensitive than DXA or MRI in detecting early age-related SMM decrease.
    • S-BIS provides accurate MCM estimation by distinguishing ICW from extracellular water.
    • SMM decline begins in the 50s, while MCM decline starts in the early 40s, necessitating early interventions.
    muscle atrophy
    muscle cell mass
    sarcopenia
    skeletal muscle mass