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High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)01:15

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The resolution of a mass spectrometer depends on the efficiency of separating ions with different ion masses. The mass of an atom is approximated to the sum of the masses of protons and neutrons inside, considering the masses of protons and neutrons as equal. However, the masses of the proton (1.6726 × 10−24 g) and neutron (1.6749 × 10−24 g) are not truly equal. There is a minor error in the expression of atomic masses relative to the simplest atom of hydrogen. For...
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Mass Analyzers: Overview01:13

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The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...
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Mass Spectrometry: Overview01:19

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Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique used to determine the molecular mass and molecular formula of a compound. The basic principle of mass spectrometry is to generate ions from the analyte molecule and measure these ion abundances against their molecular mass.  One common type of ionization, known as electrospray ionization or EI, bombards the analyte molecules in the gas phase with high-energy electron beams. The electron beams displace an electron from the molecule and leave...
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Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis01:21

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Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
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Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

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The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
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Peptide Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:33

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Tandem mass spectrometry, also known as MS/MS or MS2, is an analytical technique that employs two mass analyzers. Essentially it is a series of mass spectrometers that helps isolate a particular biomolecule and then helps study its chemical properties.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Mass Cytometry: Protocol for Daily Tuning and Running Cell Samples on a CyTOF Mass Cytometer
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Nucleotide-Based Elemental Mass Probes for High-Sensitive Single-Cell Mass Cytometry.

Weiliang Liu1, Zhian Hu2, Wencan Jiang3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.

Analytical Chemistry
|June 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new nucleotide-based probe for mass cytometry, enhancing cell analysis. This novel probe offers improved sensitivity and biocompatibility for accurate cell typing and potential clinical diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Mass cytometry is a powerful technique for multiplexed cell-surface protein profiling.
  • Current limitations in elemental mass probes hinder its full potential in cell classification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel nucleotide-based elemental mass probe for enhanced mass cytometry.
  • To improve sensitivity, water solubility, and biocompatibility in cell analysis probes.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of a novel nucleotide-based elemental mass probe using nucleotide chains and metal chelates.
  • Application of the probes in mass cytometry analysis of cell mixtures and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).

Main Results:

  • The novel probes demonstrated a twofold increase in signal-to-noise ratio compared to commercial probes.
  • Successful identification of CD markers from patient PBMCs using the developed probes.
  • The probes exhibited improved sensitivity, water solubility, and biocompatibility.

Conclusions:

  • The novel nucleotide-based probe significantly enhances mass cytometry performance.
  • This probe shows strong potential for clinical diagnosis and advancing multiplexed cell analysis.
  • The findings are expected to drive innovation in cellular profiling technologies.