Multilevel Racism and Discrimination and Cardiovascular Disease and Related Biopsychosocial Mechanisms: An Integrated Scoping and Literature Review and Future Research Agenda
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View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.Discrimination and racism significantly increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in Black adults. Research highlights multilevel factors, urging enhanced scholarship and funding to address health inequities.
Area Of Science
- Public Health
- Social Epidemiology
- Cardiovascular Research
Background
- Empirical research over two decades has advanced understanding of the discrimination-cardiovascular disease (CVD) link.
- A multilevel conceptualization of race-related discrimination and racism is crucial for understanding CVD disparities.
Purpose Of The Study
- To review peer-reviewed research on discrimination and clinical/subclinical CVD in Black adults.
- To identify intermediary mechanisms in the racism-CVD relationship.
- To propose a future research agenda for addressing CVD inequities.
Main Methods
- Integrated scoping and narrative literature review.
- Utilized Population, Exposure, and Outcome framework and PRISMA guidelines.
- Included 37 empirical reports from 1900-2024 focusing on Black adults.
Main Results
- Most studies (28/37) focused on interpersonal discrimination; fewer examined cultural (5) or institutional/structural racism (4).
- Greater exposure to discrimination/racism is linked to increased CVD risk.
- Potential pathways involve societal, environmental, psychological, and biological factors, though mediation is understudied.
Conclusions
- Multilevel racism and discrimination show robust associations with CVD in Black adults.
- Recommendations include enhancing academic training, securing funding, and adopting stronger methodologies.
- Addressing cardiovascular health inequities requires a comprehensive approach to combatting racism.
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