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Intelligence Quotient Testing in Children With Cochlear Implantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Liliya Benchetrit1, Shannon Wu2, Diya Ramanathan3

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.

Otology & Neurotology : Official Publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [And] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology
|June 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children with bilateral hearing loss show significant improvements in performance and full-scale intelligence quotient (IQ) scores after cochlear implantation (CI). However, verbal IQ scores remain lower, highlighting the importance of early intervention for optimal cognitive development.

Keywords:
Bilateral hearing lossCochlear implantIntelligence quotientNeurocognitive outcomesPediatric hearing loss

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Area of Science:

  • Audiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Bilateral hearing loss (HL) in children can impact cognitive development.
  • Cochlear implantation (CI) offers auditory rehabilitation for severe to profound hearing loss.
  • Evaluating the neurocognitive outcomes, specifically intelligence quotient (IQ), post-CI is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess intelligence quotient (IQ) scores in children with bilateral hearing loss (HL) before and after cochlear implantation (CI).
  • To compare the IQ scores of children with CI to normative means and normal-hearing controls.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published until December 2021.
  • Inclusion criteria: patients ≤18 years with bilateral sensorineural HL undergoing CI and possessing post-CI IQ scores.
  • Meta-analysis of mean IQ score differences pre- and post-CI; qualitative analysis for non-meta-analyzable studies.

Main Results:

  • 15 articles involving 636 patients and 247 controls were analyzed.
  • Significant improvement in performance IQ scores post-CI (MD, 7.0).
  • Full-scale IQ scores were comparable to normal-hearing controls; verbal IQ scores remained lower than normative means.

Conclusions:

  • Cochlear implantation significantly enhances full-scale and performance IQ in children with bilateral hearing loss.
  • While many children achieve normal IQ ranges post-CI, verbal IQ deficits persist, likely due to pre-implantation auditory deprivation.
  • Earlier cochlear implantation may mitigate the long-term impact on verbal IQ development.