Functional abdominal pain disorders in children

Area of Science:

• Pediatrics
• Gastroenterology
• Psychology

Background:

• Paediatric functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) represent a heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by chronic abdominal pain without a clear organic cause.
• Diagnostic challenges in FAPDs necessitate a structured approach to patient assessment.
• FAPDs significantly impact children's quality of life and healthcare utilization.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize the clinical assessment, investigations, and management of paediatric patients with chronic abdominal pain suggestive of FAPDs.
• To emphasize the importance of a biopsychosocial approach in managing FAPDs.
• To outline a recommended assessment and management strategy for primary care settings.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of current guidelines and evidence-based practices for FAPDs.
• Synthesis of information on diagnostic criteria and red flag features.
• Development of a primary care-focused management framework.

Main Results:

• A thorough clinical assessment is often sufficient for diagnosing FAPDs, minimizing the need for extensive investigations.
• Identifying 'red flag' symptoms is crucial to rule out serious underlying organic conditions.
• A biopsychosocial approach, integrating medical, psychological, and social factors, is recommended for comprehensive management.

Conclusions:

• Accurate diagnosis and management of FAPDs in children can often be achieved in primary care through a structured clinical approach.
• Minimizing unnecessary investigations reduces patient and family anxiety and healthcare costs.
• Early identification and management of FAPDs improve patient outcomes and well-being.