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TFOS DEWS III: Management and Therapy
Lyndon Jones1, Jennifer P Craig2, Maria Markoulli3
1From the Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE) (L.J.), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
American Journal of Ophthalmology
|June 4, 2025
Summary
This review covers dry eye disease (DED) management, emphasizing tear film replenishment and meibomian gland treatments. It details anti-inflammatory options, emerging therapies, and lifestyle changes for effective, targeted DED care.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Dry Eye Disease Research
- Tear Film Science
Background:
- Dry eye disease (DED) is a prevalent condition affecting the ocular surface.
- Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a major cause of evaporative DED.
- Current management strategies are diverse, ranging from basic care to advanced interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an evidence-based review of current dry eye disease (DED) management strategies.
- To outline therapeutic options based on DED etiology and severity.
- To highlight emerging treatments and lifestyle modifications for DED.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of evidence-based strategies for DED management.
- Categorization of treatments by mechanism: tear film support, MGD treatment, anti-inflammatory therapies, and advanced options.
- Inclusion of emerging therapies, lifestyle modifications, and clinical guidelines.
Main Results:
- First-line DED management includes ocular supplements and tear film support.
- MGD treatments involve warm compresses, in-office procedures, and lid hygiene.
- Anti-inflammatory therapies, novel agents, and surgical options address specific DED subtypes.
- Lifestyle adjustments and patient education are crucial for long-term DED relief.
Conclusions:
- A multi-faceted approach is essential for effective dry eye disease (DED) management.
- Treatment selection should be guided by DED etiology, utilizing frameworks like the TFOS DEWS III algorithm.
- Integrating conventional therapies with emerging options and lifestyle changes optimizes patient outcomes.
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