Reclaiming Dialogue: Focus groups and Hermeneutic Phenomenology

This article reconsiders the contested place of focus groups in phenomenological research, particularly within hermeneutic traditions. While often critiqued for compromising individual depth, focus groups-when used reflexively-can align with key phenomenological commitments to dialogue, relationality, and situated meaning-making. Grounded in Gadamerian hermeneutics, the article argues that group interaction and co-construction of meaning can deepen, rather than dilute, phenomenological understanding. Key concerns-such as group conformity, power dynamics, and potential loss of individual voice-are acknowledged but addressed through methodological adaptations. These include thoughtful group composition, reflexive moderation, ethical safeguards, and transparent analysis. The article also proposes combining focus groups with individual interviews to preserve personal insights while enhancing interpretive depth. Rather than questioning whether focus groups are appropriate for phenomenology, the article reframes the issue: how can they be used in philosophically coherent and methodologically sound ways? It emphasizes the need for reflexivity, flexibility, and alignment between epistemology and method. Ultimately, focus groups-when thoughtfully integrated-can enrich phenomenological inquiry by revealing how meaning unfolds through shared dialogue and reflection. They offer a valuable means of exploring lived experience in its relational and social dimensions.