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Chronic Organic Magnesium Supplementation Enhances Tissue-Specific Bioavailability and Functional Capacity in Rats: A
Basar Koc1, Ferda Hosgorler2, Sevim Kandis2
1Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Türkiye. basar.koc@deu.edu.tr.
Biological Trace Element Research
|June 4, 2025
Summary
Different magnesium (Mg) supplements impact the body uniquely. Organic magnesium forms like malate, citrate, and glycinate show varied effects on brain function, muscle performance, and anxiety, highlighting the need for targeted Mg supplementation strategies.
Area of Science:
- Nutritional Neuroscience
- Biochemistry
- Physiology
Background:
- Magnesium (Mg) is vital for numerous physiological processes, yet its formulation-dependent bioavailability and effects are not fully understood.
- Organic Mg forms (citrate, glycinate, malate) are commonly used, but their specific impacts on tissue distribution and function require detailed investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the long-term effects of chronic organic magnesium supplementation on tissue-specific Mg distribution.
- To evaluate the functional outcomes related to cognitive, behavioral, and neuromuscular performance.
- To analyze the impact of different Mg formulations on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and corticosterone levels.
Main Methods:
- Adult Sprague Dawley rats received daily elemental Mg (35.4 mg/kg) as citrate, glycinate, or malate for 8 weeks.
- Cognitive and behavioral tests (Morris water maze, open-field, elevated plus maze) assessed learning, memory, and anxiety.
- Neuromuscular function was evaluated using grip strength and rotarod tests.
- Biochemical analyses measured Mg, BDNF, and corticosterone in brain, muscle, and vascular tissues.
Main Results:
- Mg-malate increased skeletal muscle and whole-brain Mg levels, enhancing neuromuscular performance.
- Mg-citrate elevated hippocampal BDNF, improving spatial learning and memory.
- Mg-glycinate demonstrated anxiolytic effects by reducing anxiety-like behaviors.
- Vascular relaxation was paradoxically diminished despite increased aortic Mg with malate and citrate supplementation.
Conclusions:
- The bioavailability and functional effects of magnesium are significantly dependent on its chemical formulation.
- Targeted Mg supplementation strategies are necessary for optimizing neurological, muscular, and cardiovascular health.
- Further human studies are needed to confirm these formulation-specific effects of magnesium supplementation.
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