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Updated: Jan 18, 2026

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Where are all the neurosurgery robots?

Dillan Prasad1, Benjamin E Weiss2, Laura A Snyder3

  • 1Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. dillan@northwestern.edu.

Journal of Robotic Surgery
|June 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Autonomous robots have not yet transformed neurosurgery due to economic, regulatory, and cultural barriers. Thoughtful integration can enhance, not replace, the neurosurgeon

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Robotics
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • Despite advances in engineering and AI, autonomous robots have not revolutionized neurosurgery.
  • Robotic adoption in neurosurgery faces significant challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the reasons behind the slow adoption of neurosurgical robotics.
  • To analyze economic, regulatory, liability, and cultural hurdles.
  • To advocate for a balanced approach to robotic integration in neurosurgery.

Main Methods:

  • Perspective piece drawing on collective experience.
  • Analysis of barriers to robotic adoption in neurosurgery.
  • Review of current state of neurosurgical robotics.
Keywords:
Levels of autonomyNeurosurgical automationRobot-assisted surgerySurgical liabilitySurgical robotics

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Main Results:

  • Economic, regulatory, liability, and cultural factors impede widespread adoption.
  • Neurosurgical robotics currently lag behind advancements in other fields.
  • Current robotic applications are limited in scope and impact.

Conclusions:

  • Cautious optimism is warranted for the integration of robotics in neurosurgery.
  • Robotics should be viewed as tools to augment, not replace, neurosurgeons.
  • Thoughtful integration is key to leveraging robotic potential while preserving surgeon expertise.