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Visualizing Vascular Bone Marrow Niche Alterations in Diabetes.

Narmeen Haj1, Ashish Tiwari1, Maria Berihu1

  • 1Faculty of Biomedical Engineering (N.H., A.T., M.B., N.K., S.N., S.K.-A., K.V.), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa.

Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
|June 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Diabetes causes bone marrow vascular changes, increasing inflammation and myeloid cell production. This study reveals how these vascular alterations reshape the hematopoietic niche, offering targets for new diabetes therapies.

Keywords:
angiogenesisbone marrowhyperglycemiainflammationmice

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular biology
  • Hematology
  • Diabetes research

Background:

  • Diabetes leads to chronic hyperglycemia and systemic vascular complications.
  • Hyperglycemia impairs endothelial function, promoting inflammation, leukocytosis, and altered hematopoiesis.
  • The impact of diabetes on bone marrow vasculature and its role in hematopoiesis is poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate diabetes-induced vascular changes in the bone marrow.
  • To understand how these vascular alterations affect hematopoiesis and inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a multiscale imaging approach: intravital microscopy, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), and multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT).
  • Induced diabetes in mice using streptozotocin.
  • Analyzed bone marrow myeloid progenitors, leukocytes, endothelial cells, and hypoxia via flow cytometry and histology.

Main Results:

  • Diabetes significantly increased myelopoiesis and leukocytosis, driving inflammation.
  • Bone marrow vasculature showed increased density, permeability, and sprouting angiogenesis.
  • Reduced hemoglobin oxygenation and increased hypoxia were detected, creating a niche favorable for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.

Conclusions:

  • Diabetes induces significant bone marrow vascular remodeling and hypoxia, altering the hematopoietic niche.
  • This vascular remodeling drives myelopoiesis and leukocytosis, contributing to diabetic inflammation.
  • DCE-MRI and MSOT are validated as noninvasive tools for studying bone marrow vasculature, offering potential therapeutic targets for diabetes-related inflammation.