Bioprofiling and vaccine development for Zika virus

Zika virus (ZIKV) has emerged as a global health priority due to its association with severe congenital abnormalities, including microcephaly and neonatal mortality in infants born to infected mothers. In adults, ZIKV infection is epidemiologically linked to Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS). These clinical manifestations prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare ZIKV a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). The antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) phenomenon further complicates vaccine development and therapeutic strategies. While substantial progress has been made in elucidating ZIKV biology through multidisciplinary approaches, no vaccines or therapies have been clinically approved. This review examines ZIKV-associated risks by analyzing transmission dynamics, viral architecture, and cellular entry mechanisms, and proposes evidence-based prevention and management strategies.