Association between Passive Smoking and Hypertension: A Panel Study with 621.506 Adults from Brazil
Vicente Gabriel Winck Mattos1, Gustavo Ianzer Moraes1, Laís Werneck de Azevedo1
1Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS - Brasil.
Background:
Passive smoking, which affects a large number of people, may create a predisposition to cardiovascular disease in a manner similar to active smoking. However, this relationship is poorly explored in the scientific literature.
Objectives:
This study aimed to investigate the association between passive smoking and hypertension in an adult population in Brazil.
Methods:
This panel study utilized data on the Brazilian population collected through a VIGITEL survey conducted between 2009 and 2021. The data were analyzed using Poisson regression with a 95% confidence interval (95%CI).
Results:
The prevalence of hypertension in our population was 24.9% (95%CI 24.6-25.1), and passive smoking was observed in 16.3% (95%CI 16.0-16.5). The adjusted analysis revealed that passive smoking leads to a high risk of hypertension (PR=1.10; 95%CI 1.07 to 1.14), which was surprisingly close to the risk among heavy smokers (>1 pack or 20 cigarettes a day) (PR 1.09; 95%CI 1.06 to 1.13). Another noteworthy finding was the higher prevalence of hypertension among former smokers, highlighting associations that are poorly explained in the literature.
Conclusion:
A significant association was found between passive smoking and hypertension, demonstrating that passive smokers are as prone to developing hypertension as heavy smokers. Therefore, we recommend a meta-analysis to consolidate the evidence on this subject and strengthen our findings.
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