Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

3.3K
Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
3.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Can we identify people with Alzheimer's disease from examination of the eye? A bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study.

The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease·2026
Same author

Retinal and Choroidal Metrics Are Dynamic Markers of the Maternal Vascular Response to Pregnancy.

Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)·2026
Same author

Acoustic and mechanical characterisation of a 3D-printable transparent vessel-mimicking material for pre-clinical imaging: comparison with ex-vivo vessels and established clinically-relevant materials.

Ultrasonics·2026
Same author

Low concentration atropine eye drops and progression of myopia in children: multicentre placebo controlled, double masked, randomised trial in the UK (CHAMP-UK).

BMJ (Clinical research ed.)·2026
Same author

Central and Peripheral Alterations of Retinal and Choroidal Vasculature in Multiple Sclerosis: Insights from Multimodal Imaging.

Ophthalmology science·2026
Same author

Epidermal deletion of Kindlin-1 drives matrix changes in the mouse skin and altered responses to ultraviolet radiation.

Journal of dermatological science·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Inducement and Evaluation of a Murine Model of Experimental Myopia
07:20

Inducement and Evaluation of a Murine Model of Experimental Myopia

Published on: January 22, 2019

10.1K

Fundus Refraction Offset as an Individualized Myopia Biomarker.

Fabian Yii1,2, Ian J C MacCormick1,2,3, Niall Strang4

  • 1Robert O. Curle Ophthalmology Suite, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.

JAMA Ophthalmology
|June 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A new fundus refraction offset (FRO) metric reveals anatomical differences in the eye. This metric may help predict myopia progression and associated complications.

More Related Videos

Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter
05:14

Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter

Published on: September 16, 2025

3
Measurement of Carotenoids in Perifovea using the Macular Pigment Reflectometer
09:35

Measurement of Carotenoids in Perifovea using the Macular Pigment Reflectometer

Published on: January 29, 2020

8.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Inducement and Evaluation of a Murine Model of Experimental Myopia
07:20

Inducement and Evaluation of a Murine Model of Experimental Myopia

Published on: January 22, 2019

10.1K
Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter
05:14

Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter

Published on: September 16, 2025

3
Measurement of Carotenoids in Perifovea using the Macular Pigment Reflectometer
09:35

Measurement of Carotenoids in Perifovea using the Macular Pigment Reflectometer

Published on: January 29, 2020

8.0K

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Standard metrics like spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and axial length (AL) do not fully capture individual posterior segment anatomy.
  • A novel fundus-level metric is needed to assess anatomical variations in ametropia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce fundus refraction offset (FRO) as a novel fundus-level metric.
  • To investigate the association between FRO and ocular parameters obtained via optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Main Methods:

  • A deep learning model was trained on fundus photographs from the UK Biobank to predict SER.
  • The model derived FRO by comparing predicted SER to actual SER.
  • Associations between FRO and OCT-derived parameters (macular thickness, choroidal area, choroidal vascularity index) were analyzed in UK Biobank and Caledonian cohort datasets.

Main Results:

  • A more negative FRO was significantly associated with lower macular thickness in both internal and external datasets.
  • The choroidal vascularity index (CVI) decreased as FRO became more negative.
  • FRO effectively captured individual-level anatomical variations not reflected by SER or AL.

Conclusions:

  • FRO quantifies the mismatch between refractive error and ocular anatomy.
  • This metric holds potential for personalized risk prediction of myopia and its complications.
  • FRO may enhance our understanding of nonpathological variations in fundus appearance.