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Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Viscoelastic Characterization of Soft Tissue-Mimicking Gelatin Phantoms using Indentation and Magnetic Resonance Elastography
Published on: May 10, 2022
3D rotational shear wave elasticity imaging (3D-RSWEI) in anisotropic lattice phantoms
Shruthi Srinivasan1, Kevin N Eckstein2, Daniel Yoon2
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.
Abstract:
We present ultrasonic 3D rotational shear wave elasticity imaging (3D-RSWEI) characterization of anisotropic 3D-printed hydrogel lattice phantoms that were originally developed for magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) applications. Shear wave speeds versus rotational angle were measured for two 3D-printed hydrogel lattices while submerged in water and after embedding in different stiffnesses of isotropic poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA). Shear wave propagation in the lattices was anisotropic, with faster wave speeds parallel to the scaling direction of the lattices. We observed that shear wave speeds and shear anisotropy decreased when the lattices were embedded in PVA versus submerged in water. Shear wave dispersion was observed in the lattice+PVA phantoms, with greater dispersion in the direction parallel to the scaling direction versus perpendicular. Dynamic shear testing results of the lattice+PVA phantoms were compared to 3D-RSWEI characterization with differences of 8.4% and 24.1% for propagation parallel and perpendicular to the scaling direction. These results demonstrate the feasibility of ultrasonic SWEI characterization of novel anisotropic MRE lattice phantoms.
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