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Genomic characterisation of Pseudomonas asiatica as an emerging mastitis pathogen in dairy cows with resistance and

Taniya Sultana¹, Md Morshedur Rahman¹, Monira Rahaman¹

¹Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Health, Gazipur Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance

|June 5, 2025

Abstract

Objective:

Mastitis, a major concern in the dairy industry, is often caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, making treatment more challenging. This study aimed to elucidate the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence genes (VGs) profiles of Pseudomonas asiatica strains isolated from milk, faeces, and farm soils of dairy cows diagnosed with clinical mastitis (CM).

Methods:

Forty-five milk and 35 faeces samples from cows with CM, as well as 30 soil samples were collected from 30 small-holding dairy farms in Gazipur district, Bangladesh. P. asiatica was identified using culture-based methods, VITEK-2, and 16S rRNA sequencing. AMR profile was determined using disc diffusion method. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of four MDR P. asiatica isolates was performed for phylogenetic analysis, ARGs and VGs prediction.

Results:

The overall prevalence of P. asiatica in the investigated dairy farms in this study was 37.27%, with rates of 29.27% in milk, 34.15% in faeces, and 36.59% in soil. All P. asiatica isolates were MDR, exhibiting highest resistance to imipenem, ampicillin, oxacillin, sulfonamides, nitrofurantoin, azithromycin, tetracycline, and cefoxitin. WGS revealed close phylogenetic ties between P. asiatica isolates (2M1, 2F1, 2F2, 2S1) and global Pseudomonas strains. Each of the four P. asiatica strains harbored 11 ARGs imparting resistance to multiple antibiotics, and 30 VGs linked to motility, alginate/pyoverdine synthesis, and regulatory systems.

Conclusions:

This study identifies P. asiatica as an emerging MDR mastitis pathogen with significant environmental persistence. These findings highlight for species-specific diagnostics, and tailored antimicrobial strategies to improve mastitis control in dairy farming systems.

Insights

Pseudomonas asiatica is an emerging multidrug-resistant (MDR) mastitis pathogen found in dairy cows and their environment. This study details its prevalence, resistance genes, and virulence factors, highlighting the need for targeted control strategies.

Area of Science:

Veterinary Microbiology
Antimicrobial Resistance
Dairy Science

Background:

Mastitis is a significant economic and animal welfare concern in the dairy industry.
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens complicate mastitis treatment.
Pseudomonas asiatica is increasingly recognized as a potential mastitis-causing agent.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the prevalence of Pseudomonas asiatica in dairy cows with clinical mastitis (CM).
To characterize the antimicrobial resistance (AMR), antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and virulence genes (VGs) of isolated P. asiatica strains.
To understand the phylogenetic relationships and environmental persistence of P. asiatica.

Main Methods:

Sample collection from milk, feces, and soil of dairy farms in Bangladesh.
Identification of P. asiatica using culture, VITEK-2, and 16S rRNA sequencing.
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing via disc diffusion.
Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for phylogenetic, ARG, and VG analysis of MDR isolates.

Main Results:

P. asiatica was prevalent (37.27%) across milk, feces, and soil samples.
All isolates were MDR, showing high resistance to multiple antibiotics including imipenem and azithromycin.
WGS confirmed phylogenetic links to global strains and identified 11 ARGs and 30 VGs per isolate.

Conclusions:

Pseudomonas asiatica is an emerging MDR mastitis pathogen with environmental persistence.
Findings emphasize the need for species-specific diagnostics for effective mastitis management.
Tailored antimicrobial strategies are crucial for controlling P. asiatica in dairy farming.

Read full analysis

Keywords:

Clinical mastitis Dairy cows Farm soils Feces Milk P. asiatica Phylogeny Resistance Virulence

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