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Related Concept Videos

Cancer02:18

Cancer

Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...

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Generation of Tumor Organoids from Genetically Engineered Mouse Models of Prostate Cancer
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Forward Engineering Organ Development and Cancer Therapeutics with Optogenetics.

Mayesha Sahir Mim, Stephen Cini, Caitlin Frank

    Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
    |June 6, 2025
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers used optogenetics to control cellular calcium signaling in Drosophila wings, discovering light can precisely regulate organ size and even tumor growth, offering new therapeutic strategies.

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    Area of Science:

    • Developmental Biology
    • Optogenetics
    • Cell Signaling

    Background:

    • Robust organ growth control is vital for survival, and its dysregulation leads to diseases like cancer.
    • Understanding precise organ size regulation mechanisms remains a significant challenge.
    • Optogenetic tools offer noninvasive methods to control cellular signaling in vivo.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate how bioelectrical and chemical cues regulate organ growth using optogenetics.
    • To explore the role of intracellular calcium signaling in Drosophila wing development.
    • To determine if optical stimulation parameters can control organ size and tumor morphology.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized the red-light-activated channelrhodopsin, CsChrimson, in the Drosophila melanogaster wing epithelium.
    • Systematically varied light intensity and activation dynamics to stimulate intracellular calcium signaling.
    • Developed a computational model to explain calcium dynamics, incorporating gap junction and voltage-gated calcium channel activity.
    • Co-expressed CsChrimson with the oncogene RasV12 to study tumorous tissue response.

    Main Results:

    • Identified a biphasic regulation of organ size based on light stimulation parameters.
    • Demonstrated that specific light patterns (dim, pulsatile) promote organ growth and cell proliferation.
    • Showed that intense, prolonged light induces cell death and morphological abnormalities.
    • Confirmed that optical stimulation can modulate tumorous tissue morphology and growth.

    Conclusions:

    • Precise control of cellular calcium signaling via optogenetics can dynamically regulate organ size.
    • The findings provide a framework for dissecting physiological signaling in organogenesis.
    • This approach offers potential translational insights for cancer therapy and regenerative medicine.