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Related Concept Videos

Crown Ethers02:36

Crown Ethers

5.4K
Crown ethers are cyclic polyethers that contain multiple oxygen atoms, usually arranged in a regular pattern. The first crown ether was synthesized by Charles Pederson while working at DuPont in 1967. For this work, Pedersen was co-awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Crown ethers are named using the formula x-crown-y, where x is the total number of atoms in the ring and y is the number of ether oxygen atoms. The term 'crown' refers to the crown-like shape that these ether...
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Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

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Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
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Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis01:46

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis

11.2K
In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
Ozone is a symmetrical bent molecule stabilized by a resonance structure.
11.2K
Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules01:19

Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules

7.8K
Energy production within a cell involves many coordinated chemical pathways. Most of these pathways are combinations of oxidation and reduction reactions, which occur at the same time. An oxidation reaction strips an electron from an atom in a compound, and the addition of this electron to another compound is a reduction reaction. Because oxidation and reduction usually occur together, these pairs of reactions are called redox reactions.
The removal of an electron from a molecule, results in a...
7.8K
Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids02:04

Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids

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Diols are compounds with two hydroxyl groups. In addition to syn dihydroxylation, diols can also be synthesized through the process of anti dihydroxylation. The process involves treating an alkene with a peroxycarboxylic acid to form an epoxide. Epoxides are highly strained three-membered rings with oxygen and two carbons occupying the corners of an equilateral triangle. This step is followed by ring-opening of the epoxide in the presence of an aqueous acid to give a trans diol.
6.1K
Acid-Catalyzed Hydration of Alkenes02:45

Acid-Catalyzed Hydration of Alkenes

15.1K
Alkenes react with water in the presence of an acid to form an alcohol. In the absence of acid, hydration of alkenes does not occur at a significant rate, and the acid is not consumed in the reaction. Therefore, alkene hydration is an acid-catalyzed reaction.
15.1K

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Surface Functionalization of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Improved Moisture Resistance
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Cation-Assisted Water Oxidation with Crown Ether-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks.

Hiranmoy Pal1,2, Arun Karmakar3,4, Arnab Sadhukhan1,2

  • 1Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|June 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel method to enhance electrocatalysts for water oxidation using covalent organic frameworks (COFs) complexed with crown ethers. This approach improves catalytic activity for oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions, outperforming traditional methods.

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Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface
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Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface
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Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Core-Shell Metal-Organic Frameworks
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Electrocatalysts for water oxidation are crucial for energy conversion technologies.
  • Current methods like heteroatom insertion in covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have limitations in catalytic activity compared to metalated systems.
  • Developing efficient and stable electrocatalysts for water splitting remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a new strategy for polarity induction in COF-based electrocatalysts using crown ether complexation of alkali metals.
  • To synthesize and characterize a series of porous crystalline COFs with varying crown ether units and alkali metal binding abilities.
  • To evaluate the electrocatalytic performance of these novel COFs for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of porous crystalline COFs incorporating crown ether units of different sizes.
  • Electrochemical characterization of COF-catalysts for OER and HER in alkaline electrolytes (1 M KOH and 1 M K2SO4).
  • Investigation of the effect of different alkali metals in the electrolyte on catalytic performance.
  • Stability testing using chronopotentiometry.

Main Results:

  • The synthesized COF-catalysts demonstrated OER and HER performance in alkaline electrolytes.
  • The most efficient catalyst, B18C, achieved high current densities (20 and 100 mA cm-2) at low overpotentials for OER (287 ± 1 mV and 362 ± 8 mV, respectively) in 1 M KOH.
  • B18C exhibited good OER performance in neutral conditions (471 mV at 20 mA cm-2 in 1 M K2SO4) and promising HER activity (310 ± 5 mV at 20 mA cm-2).
  • The catalyst showed excellent stability over 16 hours with minimal potential change.

Conclusions:

  • Crown ether complexation of alkali metals offers a novel and effective strategy for polarity induction in COFs, significantly enhancing their electrocatalytic activity.
  • The developed COF-based electrocatalysts show competitive performance for both OER and HER, paving the way for efficient overall water splitting.
  • This approach provides a promising alternative to metalated catalysts for sustainable energy applications.