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An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field

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Increasing Substitutions in European Football Is Associated With Decreased Injury Rates Among Elite Athletes.

Ibraheem Qureshi¹, Ryne Jenkins², Robert Faccone²

¹College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Westbury.

|June 6, 2025

Summary

Increasing football substitutions to five reduced player injuries, particularly multiple and muscle injuries, in Spain's La Liga. This change helped manage player fatigue during a busy season.

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Area of Science:

Sports Medicine
Football Analytics
Injury Epidemiology

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic led to a congested football schedule, prompting a rule change to five substitutions per match in European leagues.
This study investigates the impact of this rule change on player injury rates in professional football.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the effect of implementing five substitutions on injury incidence in Spanish professional football (La Liga).
To analyze injury characteristics, duration, and risk factors before and after the rule change.

Main Methods:

A retrospective analysis of player injuries in La Liga from 2017-2019 and 2022-2024.
Data sourced from Transfermarkt, examining injury and player characteristics.
Multivariate regression models adjusted for age, playing time, and appearances to assess injury complications.

Main Results:

Overall injury incidence decreased from 0.94 to 0.57 injuries per player-season after the rule change.
Significantly lower odds of multiple injuries (OR: 0.68) and muscle injuries (OR: 0.72) were observed.
The total number of reported injuries dropped from 1,268 to 711.

Conclusions:

The adoption of five substitutions in La Liga is linked to a significant reduction in overall player injuries.
This rule change also decreased the likelihood of players sustaining multiple and muscle-specific injuries.