Strategies to reduce visual attention changes while learning and training in extended reality environments

Computer-Based training (CBT) is a widely used strategy in interactive learning and skills training to provide the trainee with information while in training. Extended Reality (XR) is a set of technologies used in the fourth industrial revolution for this purpose. However, an important XR limitation is the cognitive overload in trainees due to continuous changes in attention. The effects of the changes in attention on cognitive load have been studied in environments such as printed material and desktop PC's. However, such effects are not yet fully known on XR platforms. This study's aim was to identify strategies to reduce the changes in attention in instructional/educational materials, which use extended reality to present information to trainees. The presented information can guide the use of combined strategies to reduce the cognitive overload generated by XR display platforms. Therefore, an extensive literature review was carried out. From a set of 1946 articles, 53 studies were selected. The selected studies evaluated the cognitive load in instructional materials that used XR as a visualization platform. The results showed three strategy groups: those associated with the spatial integration of information, those associated with the use of visual features and those associated with the content segmentation. Effects of this strategies in the user performance and user cognitive load are discussed.