Demographic and modifiable risk factors impacting obstructive sleep apnea comorbidities: a New Orleans case-control...

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by recurrent upper airway collapse during sleep, leading to intermittent cessation or reduction of breathing. Associated symptoms include snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness. OSA is linked to a range of comorbidities, primarily cardiovascular and metabolic conditions. However, emerging evidence suggests a broader spectrum of associated health issues. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between OSA comorbidities and demographics as well as modifiable risk factors within a New Orleans patient population.

A case-control study encompassing 19,875 patients (313 with OSA, 19,558 without) was conducted. Nominal logistic regression analyzed differences between OSA and non-OSA groups, while prevalence of comorbidities was compared across demographic and modifiable risk factors within each group.

Our findings revealed increased odds of cardiovascular and respiratory disorders among OSA patients compared to controls. OSA risk was elevated in males, middle-aged individuals, individuals with body mass index (BMI) greater than 30, and former smokers. Cardiovascular and metabolic conditions were the most prevalent comorbidities in the OSA group, with additional comorbidities including gastrointestinal, respiratory, psychiatric, and renal disorders.

These results highlight the multifaceted health burden associated with OSA. Comprehensive management strategies addressing both well-established and emerging comorbidities are essential for optimizing patient outcomes.