GlowGrow: Designing an ambient biofeedback system for pregnancy stress management

Pregnancy can be challenging for women as they experience various physical, psychological, and social changes that can lead to stress and potential mental health concerns. Being neglected in the long-term, sustained stress can increase the likelihood of postpartum depression, which can have significant negative impacts on mothers, families, and society. Therefore, managing stress promptly and maintaining emotional well-being is crucial for pregnant women to give a healthy birth and improve their postpartum life quality. Biofeedback is a secure and effective treatment for anxiety; nevertheless, conventional biofeedback systems often depend on intrusive sensors and require clinician support, thereby restricting their utilization primarily to clinical settings. To address this challenge, in this study, by incorporating biofeedback techniques with wearable sensors, musical displays, and ambient light, we created an immersive biofeedback environment where pregnant women could practice slow-paced resonant breathing to promote relaxation and reduce stress. GlowGrow system has been deployed in a regional hospital's ante-natal clinic and evaluated by 24 pregnant women regarding its effectiveness and user experience. The results show that GlowGrow, as an effective relaxation intervention, could efficiently guide pregnant women to perform deep breathing and manage physiological stress.