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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2025

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
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Overlap between systemic sclerosis and polyarteritis nodosa: A case report.

Geilan A Mahmoud1, Nora Y Elsaid1, Hania S Zayed1

  • 1Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.

The Egyptian Rheumatologist
|June 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) rarely co-occurs with polyarteritis nodosa (PAN). This case highlights a patient with SSc who developed PAN, requiring a modified immunosuppressive treatment regimen for successful management.

Keywords:
Hepatitis B virusPolyarteritis nodosaSystemic sclerosisVasculitis

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease marked by vasculopathy, inflammation, autoimmunity, and fibrosis.
  • Frank vasculitis is an uncommon manifestation in SSc patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of co-existing Systemic Sclerosis and Polyarteritis Nodosa.
  • To discuss the diagnostic challenges and treatment modifications required for this rare association.

Main Methods:

  • A case presentation of a 36-year-old male with limited cutaneous SSc.
  • Diagnostic workup included serological tests, imaging (ultrasound, Doppler, Fibroscan), and assessment for vasculitis and liver involvement.
  • Treatment involved high-dose corticosteroids, plasmapheresis, cyclophosphamide, and azathioprine.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with necrotic ulcers, neuropathy, and testicular pain, indicative of vasculitis.
  • Liver evaluation revealed fibrosis and ascites, with elevated liver enzymes.
  • Diagnosis of polyarteritis nodosa was established, and the patient responded well to the intensive immunosuppressive therapy.

Conclusions:

  • The association of Systemic Sclerosis and Polyarteritis Nodosa is exceedingly rare.
  • Co-existence necessitates tailored treatment strategies, often involving potent immunosuppression, to manage the severe manifestations of vasculitis in SSc patients.