WPA global survey on psychiatry in WPA member societies

Psychiatrists play a pivotal role in raising mental health awareness and reducing stigma, yet their recruitment, work and competency requirements vary significantly across the globe. Diverse training systems, entry requirements and competencies are tailored to meet specific local needs. The World Psychiatric Association (WPA) outlines essential attributes for competent psychiatrists, encompassing clinical expertise, communication skills, research capacity, and advocacy. Despite a global shortage of psychiatrists, comprehensive data on their demographics and professional roles remain scarce.

In 2019, a survey instrument was designed and made available in English and five additional languages. The survey explored key aspects, including the number of psychiatrists and trainees, their gender and age, psychiatrist-to-population ratios, work settings, involvement in national emergencies, and support for women in adversity. Invitations to participate were extended to all 145 WPA Member Societies spanning 121 countries. Responses were grouped by WHO region and World Bank income level. Data collection was conducted via an online form, with submissions reviewed for outliers and validated in consultation with national representatives. Statistical analyses were performed using Epidat 4.2.2, employing descriptive statistics to present proportions and frequency distributions of variables.

The psychiatrist-to-population ratio ranged from 0.3 per 100,000 inhabitants in low-income countries to 3.5 and 12.9 in middle- and high-income countries, respectively, with a global average of 5.9 per 100,000. Gender disparities were observed globally, with male predominance most pronounced in the Eastern Mediterranean region. However, feminisation of the profession was noted in Europe and high-income countries. Age distribution revealed that nearly half of psychiatrists were aged 41-60, while younger and older age groups were underrepresented, particularly in low-income countries where fewer senior psychiatrists were recorded. Many WPA Member Societies reported active involvement in mental health emergency responses, including efforts to support women and girls facing adversity.

The survey captured data representing a substantial proportion of the global population, encompassing nations across all world regions and income levels. Addressing disparities requires innovative and creative strategies to support underprivileged communities and enhance responses to mental health challenges in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The WPA and national professional leaders should consider focusing on initiatives to inspire early-career female doctors and psychiatrists, particularly in low-income settings, to pursue careers in mental health. Reports detailing mental health emergency responses can serve as valuable resources for global dissemination and knowledge-sharing.