Thioredoxin-interacting protein: an emerging target for Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a highly prevalent, chronic, irreversible, neurodegenerative disorder occurring mostly in the later stages of life. Due to the inadequacies of the currently existing treatments, newer targeting strategies are necessary for the early detection, prevention, and treatment of AD. Thioredoxin-interacting protein [TXNIP, also called Thioredoxin Binding protein 2 (TBP-2)] is a multifunctional protein that is involved in various signaling pathways like NLRP3/ROS, keap1-Nrf2 and NF-Κb -mediated inflammation and Aβ deposition, ER stress-apoptosis pathway, p38 MAPK-activation causing tau hyperphosphorylation and brain insulin signaling in AD. The present review discusses the role of TXNIP in the pathogenesis of AD and explores TXNIP as a potential therapeutic target for AD. Further, the significance of oxidative stress and inflammation in AD pathogenesis and their regulation by TXNIP in AD have been discussed.