Protective mechanism of Bifidobacterium on intestinal mucosal barrier in sepsis

Prior research has examined the advantageous impacts of probiotics in preventing and treating sepsis; however, the protective actions of Bifidobacterium against sepsis are still not understood. In this review, we innovatively discussed the mechanisms by which Bifidobacterium can prevent and treat sepsis by regulating the intestinal mucosal barrier during homeostasis and when damaged. Surprisingly, we found that the mechanisms include blocking NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, regulating AHR/NRF2/NLRP3 inflammasome pathways, inhibiting NLRP3/ASC/Caspase1 signaling pathways, regulating enteric glial cells (EGCs) network development, regulating immunity, and restoring intestinal symbiosis, etc. Through continued pathway researches into mechanisms of probiotics on sepsis, we try to get more evidence of Bifidobacterium on the prevention and treatment of sepsis.