The role of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in improving paper strength from rice straw pulp

Rice straw, an abundant agricultural byproduct, is rich in lignocellulosic materials, making it a viable source for pulp production in paper bags and packaging applications. This investigation evaluated the properties of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) derived from rice straw and its influence on the paper's mechanical strength. Cellulose was extracted using a soda pulping process, followed by bleaching. The resultant cellulose was hydrolyzed with 1 M HCl and ground to achieve the desired form of MCC. The study established that the MCC concentration in distilled water stabilized at 0.4 % (w/v) with a zeta potential measuring -42.6 mV, indicating good dispersion stability. Morphological examinations revealed significant alterations in fiber structure, and FTIR confirmed changes in functional groups during both the pulping process and the final MCC production. Enhanced crystallinity and improved thermal properties were also noted, suggesting a more thermally stable product. Furthermore, incorporating MCC into the paper matrix led to notable enhancements in mechanical properties. The addition of MCC at concentrations of 50 % and 75 % markedly increased the tensile and tear indices of the paper. However, a decrease in the burst index was observed when MCC content exceeded 75 %.