Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Viruses of Archaea

Viruses of Archaea

Archaeal viruses play a crucial role in the ecosystems of extremophilic archaea, particularly those belonging to the phyla Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. By shaping host evolution and facilitating gene transfer, these viruses influence microbial communities and contribute to genetic diversity in extreme environments. The archaea they infect thrive in acidic hot springs and hydrothermal vents characterized by high temperatures and low pH. Archaeal viruses exhibit remarkable structural...

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria

Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a...

Retroviruses

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...

Viruses with RNA Genomes

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The Origin of Life in the Light of Evolution.

ArXiv·2026

Same author

Pantanal virophage: a new virophage species associated with a moumouvirus and a transpoviron, expanding the genus <i>Sputnikvirus</i>.

Journal of virology·2026

Same author

Rise of the viral giants: common themes underlying genome gigantism in eukaryotic viruses and bacteriophages.

Current opinion in microbiology·2026

Same author

Metacaspases contribute to the cellular response to heat stress in a marine diatom.

The New phytologist·2026

Same author

Mapping of the viral shunt across widespread coccolithophore blooms using metabolic biomarkers.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026

Same author

Tiny giants in a big ocean.

Microbiology spectrum·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Environmental Sampling of Photosynthetic Microbes and Their Viruses: From Field to Lab

Environmental Sampling of Photosynthetic Microbes and Their Viruses: From Field to Lab

Published on: July 3, 2025

A single-cell perspective on host-virus dynamics in the ocean.

Amir Fromm¹, Talia S Shaler¹, Frank O Aylward²

¹Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel.

Trends in Microbiology

|June 6, 2025

Summary

Single-cell technologies reveal marine virus-host dynamics, uncovering viral life cycles and host defenses. This approach offers unprecedented resolution for studying marine viral ecology and infection spread.

Keywords:

environmental ecology marine microbes phenotypic heterogeneity single-cell transcriptomics viral infection

More Related Videos

Unraveling the Unseen Players in the Ocean - A Field Guide to Water Chemistry and Marine Microbiology

Unraveling the Unseen Players in the Ocean - A Field Guide to Water Chemistry and Marine Microbiology

Published on: November 5, 2014

Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'

Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'

Published on: May 26, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Environmental Sampling of Photosynthetic Microbes and Their Viruses: From Field to Lab

Environmental Sampling of Photosynthetic Microbes and Their Viruses: From Field to Lab

Published on: July 3, 2025

Unraveling the Unseen Players in the Ocean - A Field Guide to Water Chemistry and Marine Microbiology

Unraveling the Unseen Players in the Ocean - A Field Guide to Water Chemistry and Marine Microbiology

Published on: November 5, 2014

Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'

Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'

Published on: May 26, 2013

Area of Science:

Marine biology
Microbial ecology
Virology

Background:

Viral infections significantly influence marine microbial communities and biogeochemical cycles.
Traditional bulk transcriptomics offer a population-averaged view, obscuring individual host-virus interactions and infection states.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a single-cell approach for investigating marine viral ecology.
To reveal viral life cycles and host antiviral strategies at high resolution.
To detect specific host-virus dynamics within complex natural populations.

Main Methods:

Utilizing advanced single-cell technologies.
Simultaneous analysis of viruses and their marine microbial hosts.
Observing phenotypic heterogeneity during infection.

Main Results:

Demonstrated the capability to view virus-host interactions at the single-cell level.
Exposed diverse infection states and host responses masked by bulk methods.
Identified potential host antiviral strategies in rare resistant cells.

Conclusions:

Single-cell analysis provides a powerful new perspective for marine viral ecology.
This method allows for tracking infection spread and understanding ecological impacts at unprecedented resolution.
Reveals the heterogeneity of host-virus dynamics in natural marine microbial populations.