Frequency handling by reinforcement of predictive 2DoF-MPC and state observer LADRC for smart power system

The preservation of stability is essential for the efficient and reliable functioning of the electrical transmission system. Frequency oscillations are prevalent in interconnected power systems (IPS) and may lead to instability; therefore, it is crucial to monitor and examine them meticulously. Effective frequency management is essential for regulating frequency output in an interconnected smart power system (ISPS) that includes renewable energy sources (RESs), redox flow batteries (RFBs) and static synchronous series compensators (SSSCs). In view of the challenge presented, this research introduces an efficient control architecture that utilizes a 2 degree of freedom-based model predictive controller (2DoF-MPC) to enhance system performance. Additionally, it integrates a linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) to employ a state observer alongside the evolving frequency management. The convergence of the predictive and state observer frameworks results in a robust 2DoF-MPC-LADRC to manage frequency disturbances and uncertainties in the power system. The suggested technique is thoroughly validated across several parameters for ISPS, instilling confidence in its capacity to attain minimal frequency variation in multiple scenarios. The performance of the proposed controller design shows that the frequency performance in area 1 and area 2 settles in 5.085 sec and 3.965 sec, when the load changes by 3 %, and it settles in 4.655 sec and 4.050 sec, respectively, when the load changes by 5 %.