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Drug discrimination and cross generalization between two methylxanthines.

H E Modrow, F A Holloway

    Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior
    |September 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Rats learned to distinguish caffeine and theophylline. Both xanthines produced dose-related generalization, suggesting similar discriminative cues, with effects specific to xanthines.

    Area of Science:

    • Pharmacology
    • Neuroscience
    • Behavioral Science

    Background:

    • Caffeine and theophylline are common xanthines with stimulant properties.
    • Drug discrimination tasks are used to study the subjective effects of drugs.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the discriminative stimulus properties of caffeine and theophylline in rats.
    • To determine if caffeine and theophylline share common discriminative cues.
    • To assess the specificity of these cues for xanthines.

    Main Methods:

    • Rats were trained to discriminate caffeine (32 mg/kg) or theophylline (56 mg/kg) from saline in a two-lever task.
    • Dose-effect curves for both caffeine and theophylline were generated for trained and cross-trained rats.
    • Tests included amphetamine and metrazol to assess cue specificity.

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    Main Results:

    • Significant dose-related generalization occurred between caffeine and theophylline in both training groups.
    • Both drugs produced dose-related decreases in overall response rates.
    • Discriminative effects were specific to xanthines, as amphetamine and metrazol did not generalize.
    • Training session history influenced discrimination at intermediate doses, suggesting possible short-term tolerance.

    Conclusions:

    • Caffeine and theophylline share common discriminative stimulus properties in rats.
    • The discriminative cue is specific to the xanthine class of compounds.
    • Short-term tolerance to the cueing effects of caffeine may occur.