Efficacy and safety of ondansetron in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

It has been shown that 5-hydroxytryptamine3 (5-HT3) receptors are involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluates the efficacy and safety of ondansetron, a potent 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, as adjunctive treatment for the management of schizophrenia, especially the negative symptoms.

A comprehensive search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science, was performed in October 2024. We included only randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and their data were extracted and analyzed using RevMan 5.4 software. The primary outcome was the PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) negative subscale.

Eight RCTs involving 533 patients were included in the study. Ondansetron showed a statistically significant improvement in PANSS negative subscale at 12 weeks [pooled as mean difference, MD = -2.96, 95 % CI [-4.69, -1.24], P-value = 0.00007] and in general psychopathology scale [MD = -2.71, 95 % CI [-3.52, -1.90] compared to placebo. However, ondansetron and placebo did not differ in reduction of PANSS positive subscale [MD = 0.1, 95 % CI [-1.19, 1.38], P-value = 0.88], and depression scale. Ondansetron showed no significant difference regarding tardive dyskinesia between the two groups. However, constipation was significant in the ondansetron group over placebo.

The study findings provide valuable insights into the efficacy of ondansetron, a serotonin receptor antagonist, in managing schizophrenia, particularly negative symptoms. However, the limitations of the study highlight the need for caution in interpreting these results. Further high-quality trials are required to confirm our findings and explore the long-term impact of ondansetron in the treatment of schizophrenia.