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Related Concept Videos

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

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Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
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Colloidal precipitates01:09

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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

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Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Colloids and Suspensions01:17

Colloids and Suspensions

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
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Crystallisation, dissolution and diffusion in a Solid-Metal in Liquid-Metal colloidal system.

Caiden J Parker1, Karma Zuraiqi1, Vaishnavi Krishnamurthi1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, 3001 Melbourne, Australia.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|June 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers studied the phase-change behavior of gallium-copper (Ga-Cu) in liquid metals. They observed dissolution and rapid recrystallization, quantifying copper atom flux in liquid metal systems for the first time.

Keywords:
CrystallisationDiffusionDissolutionLiquid metalMetallic colloidsNanodroplets

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Liquid metals (LMs) possess unique properties due to mobile solvated metallic elements, enabling applications in catalysis, phase change materials, welding, soldering, and additive manufacturing.
  • Fundamental processes like crystallization and dissolution in LMs are not fully understood, particularly solute mass transport (flux), hindering advancements in LM applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the fundamental phase-change behavior of solid metals within liquid metal colloidal systems.
  • To gain a deeper understanding of dissolution and crystallization processes in LMs.
  • To quantify solute mass transport rates in LMs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized in-situ heating and cooling transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with a specialized holder.
  • Examined the dissolution and crystallization dynamics of a gallium-copper (Ga-Cu) colloidal system.

Main Results:

  • Observed layer-by-layer dissolution of Ga2Cu crystals upon heating in the liquid metal.
  • Documented rapid recrystallization in a supercooled environment.
  • Quantified the directional atom flux of copper (Cu) at -0.02 mol/m2s at 178 °C, demonstrating significant mass transport.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides crucial insights into the fundamental chemistry of liquid metals, particularly concerning phase transitions and mass transport.
  • The quantified copper flux offers valuable data for optimizing LM-based technologies like additive manufacturing and phase change materials.
  • In-situ TEM is an effective method for studying dynamic processes in liquid metal systems.