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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Sports Science
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of anaerobic alactic (AnAL) energy expenditure is crucial for understanding high-intensity exercise performance in swimmers.
  • Two primary methodologies exist: one based on phosphocreatine (PCr) splitting and another on oxygen uptake (VO2) off-kinetics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare AnAL energy expenditure during a 50-m front crawl swim between PCr splitting and VO2 off-kinetics methods in elite short-distance swimmers.
  • To assess the agreement and repeatability of these two AnAL measurement techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty-nine all-out 50-m front crawl time trials were conducted by highly trained swimmers (23 men, 16 women).
  • Pulmonary VO2 off-kinetics were measured during a 10-minute excess post-exercise oxygen consumption period.
  • AnAL was calculated using AnALPCrSPLITTING and AnALVO2KINETICS methodologies.

Main Results:

  • No statistically significant differences were found between AnALPCrSPLITTING (41.7±6.1 kJ) and AnALVO2KINETICS (37.6±12.7 kJ).
  • Bland-Altman analysis revealed substantial bias and wide limits of agreement, indicating poor to moderate repeatability (ICC: 0.34-0.53).
  • Proportional error was observed, suggesting the agreement varies with the magnitude of the energy expenditure measurement.

Conclusions:

  • While both methods provide an overall estimate of AnAL energy expenditure, their conceptual and methodological differences lead to proportional error.
  • The AnALPCrSPLITTING and AnALVO2KINETICS methods should not be used interchangeably in short-duration maximal efforts like 50-m swimming.
  • Complementary use of both methods, where feasible, is recommended for a more comprehensive understanding of AnAL energy expenditure in elite swimmers.