Online rehabilitation in adult Fontan patients: Effects in functional capacity, lymphatic function and quality of life

Survival rates for post-Fontan patients have improved, allowing many to reach adulthood with better quality of life (QOL). However, they remain at risk for reduced functional capacity (FC), skeletal muscle loss, and lymphatic dysfunction, which negatively affect clinical outcomes. This study evaluated the feasibility of an online rehabilitation program for adult Fontan patients in the late postoperative period and its effects on FC, peripheral lymphatic function (PLF), and QOL.

This prospective, non-randomized, controlled clinical trial evaluated the impact of a fitness center's 36-session online aerobic and resistance training program. Participants were divided into a control group (CG), continuing usual activities, and an exercise group (EG). Outcomes included QOL (Short Form-36 questionnaire: SF-36), FC via cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), and PLF assessed using near-infrared fluorescence imaging and venous occlusion plethysmography.

A total of 26 participants (13 EG,13 CG), with a median age of 30 (25-35) years, and follow-up time after Fontan of 19 (15-21) years, were enrolled. The EG showed significant improvements in peak VO2 (ml/kg/min), predicted peak VO2 (%), peak ventilation (L/min), and oxygen pulse (mL/beat), indicating enhanced cardiovascular efficiency. Additionally, 62 % of SF-36 domains improved in the EG, while no changes were observed in the CG. However, the program did not produce significant modifications in PLF.

The proposed online rehabilitation program proved to be feasible and effectively improved FC and quality of life in adults after Fontan surgery; however, this training model did not significantly influence peripheral lymphatic function.