miRNA expression based modulation: A new paradigm for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia
1School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
Abstract:
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding and internally derived small RNA molecules. They post-transcriptionally direct gene expression either by inhibiting translation or initiating degradation of mRNA. Conserved evolutionarily, these miRNAs have a significant role in several developmental and regulatory functions in organisms including mammalian cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. An individual miRNA can modulate a network of mRNA expression by binding to multiple mRNAs through imperfect sequence complementarity. In several types of cancer, dysregulation of miRNAs may contribute to cell initiation, migration, incursion, proliferation, immortality, and drug resistance. Among all leukemia cases, approximately 15 % of patients suffer from chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). miRNA-based modulation offers the idiosyncratic competence for regulating a variety of genes simultaneously; in that way, it could help to modulate accordant signalling pathways that are engaged in cell differentiation, proliferation, and survival. The one-drug, one-target approach thereby evolves into a paradigm of one drug with multiple targets. This review will delve into the understanding of miRNA dysregulation and recent advancements in therapeutic strategies based on miRNAs.
Insights
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression and are crucial in cell functions. Dysregulated miRNAs are implicated in cancer, including chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), offering new therapeutic targets.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
- Oncology
Background:
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally.
- They play vital roles in cellular processes like growth, differentiation, and apoptosis.
- miRNA dysregulation is linked to cancer development and progression, including drug resistance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of miRNA dysregulation in cancer, particularly chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).
- To explore recent advancements in miRNA-based therapeutic strategies.
- To highlight the potential of miRNAs as multi-target regulators in disease treatment.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of scientific articles on miRNA function, dysregulation, and therapeutic applications.
- Analysis of the role of specific miRNAs in cancer pathways.
- Synthesis of current research on miRNA-based drug development.
Main Results:
- miRNAs can simultaneously modulate multiple genes and signaling pathways.
- Dysregulated miRNAs contribute to key cancer hallmarks such as proliferation and metastasis.
- miRNA-based therapies offer a promising alternative to traditional single-target approaches.
Conclusions:
- miRNA dysregulation is a significant factor in cancer pathogenesis.
- Targeting miRNAs presents a novel therapeutic paradigm for cancers like CML.
- Further research into miRNA-based strategies could revolutionize cancer treatment.
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