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Related Concept Videos

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

229
The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
229
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  3. Research Domains
  5. Biomedical And Clinical Sciences
  7. Oncology And Carcinogenesis
  9. Molecular Targets
  11. Histopathological Examination Of Lung From Infant With Lethal Covid-19 With Special Attention On Pneumocytes Type Ii And The Immune Infiltrate: A Case Study

Histopathological examination of lung from infant with lethal COVID-19 with special attention on pneumocytes type II and the immune infiltrate: a case study

Maya Gulubova1,2,3,4, Vesselina Merhar5, Dimitar Chonov6

  • 1Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria. mgulubova@hotmail.com.

Italian Journal of Pediatrics
|June 7, 2025

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This case study details the lung pathology in an infant with fatal COVID-19, revealing significant changes in alveolar cells and immune responses, contributing to understanding severe disease progression.

Area of Science:

  • Pathology
  • Immunology
  • Pediatric Medicine

Background:

  • COVID-19 pathogenesis remains unclear, particularly in pediatric populations.
  • Lung pathology studies in fatal COVID-19 cases primarily focus on elderly patients.
  • Limited data exists on severe COVID-19 lung manifestations in infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the lung morphological and cellular features in an 11-month-old infant deceased from COVID-19 complications.
  • To elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying severe COVID-19 lung disease in infants.
  • To characterize the immune cell infiltration and cytokine storm in pediatric COVID-19 lung pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Case study of an 11-month-old infant with fatal COVID-19.
  • Histopathological examination of lung tissue, including immunohistochemistry for immune markers.
Keywords:
Alveolar type II cellsCytokine stormIL-6Immune cells

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  • Transmission electron microscopy to analyze alveolocytes type II (ATII) morphology and apoptosis.

    • Main Results:

    • Bilateral interstitial pneumonia, lung edema, hyaline membranes, and airway mucus plugging were observed.
    • Significant hyperplasia of ATII cells undergoing apoptosis was identified.
    • Increased CD68+ macrophages, IL-6, FOXP3+, IL-17+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells indicated a cytokine storm.

    Conclusions:

    • COVID-19 lung disease in infants involves ATII cell hyperplasia, interstitial inflammation, and increased macrophages.
    • Findings provide insights into the pathophysiology of severe COVID-19 in the pediatric lung.
    • This study serves as a foundation for further research into COVID-19 molecular mechanisms in children.
    Infant
    Pulmonary disease
    SARS-CoV-2