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Dorothy Tiffany Burlingham and the psychology of the congenitally blind child

Stephen G Schwartz1, Christopher T Leffler2, Andrzej Grzybowski3

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA sschwartz2@med.miami.edu.

BMJ Open Ophthalmology
|June 8, 2025

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  • Dorothy Tiffany Burlingham And The Psychology Of The Congenitally Blind Child
    • This summary is machine-generated.

    Dorothy Tiffany Burlingham, a pioneering child psychoanalyst, focused on the psychological development of congenitally blind children. Her work highlighted challenges in ego development and social interactions for these children.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychoanalysis
    • Developmental Psychology
    • Pediatrics

    Background:

    • Dorothy Tiffany Burlingham (1891-1979) was a notable child psychoanalyst.
    • She had a personal and professional relationship with Anna Freud.
    • Burlingham founded a day nursery for blind children in London.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the psychological challenges faced by congenitally blind children.
    • To document the impact of blindness on ego development and social relations.
    • To contribute to the understanding of psychoanalytic theory concerning visually impaired children.

    Main Methods:

    • Case studies and clinical observations of children at the London day nursery.
    • Psychoanalytic theory application to understand developmental issues.
    • Qualitative analysis of psychological problems in blind children.

    Main Results:

    • Congenitally blind children experience impaired ego development.
    • These children face unique challenges in their relationships with parents and peers.
    • The need for stillness impacts their safety and auditory perception.

    Conclusions:

    • Burlingham's work provided significant insights into the psychoanalytic understanding of congenital blindness.
    • Her findings underscore the importance of tailored psychoanalytic support for visually impaired children.
    • Her legacy includes advancements in child psychoanalysis and the care of blind children.
    Keywords:
    Child health (paediatrics)Low vision aidRehabilitation

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