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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

675
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

6.8K
Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unlocking Insights into the Immune Cell Landscape of Tumors
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Tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy: from bench to bedside.

Avipsa Sinha1, Debasmita Ghosh2, Dipanjan Karati3

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, BCDA College of Pharmacy and Technology, Campus-2, Ghosh Para Road, Madhyamgram, Kolkata, 700129, West Bengal, India.

Medical Oncology (Northwood, London, England)
|June 8, 2025
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Summary

The tumor microenvironment (TME) impacts cancer progression and treatment resistance. Strategies to reprogram the TME enhance immunotherapy effectiveness against tumors.

Keywords:
CAR-T-cell therapyExtracellular matrixOncolytic virusesRegulatory T cellsTumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • The tumor microenvironment (TME) comprises cells and extracellular components influencing cancer.
  • TME characteristics include aberrant vasculature, altered extracellular matrix, and immune cells like fibroblasts and macrophages.
  • The TME's immunosuppressive nature hinders effective cancer treatment and immunotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the TME's role in cancer onset, progression, and treatment resistance.
  • To review novel immunotherapeutic strategies targeting TME reprogramming for enhanced antitumor responses.
  • To discuss emerging approaches for improving cancer immunotherapy efficacy by modulating the TME.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on tumor microenvironment components and functions.
  • Analysis of immunosuppressive mechanisms within the TME, including regulatory T cells and checkpoint molecule expression.
  • Examination of novel therapeutic strategies targeting TME modulation.

Main Results:

  • The TME significantly impacts cancer progression and immunotherapy outcomes.
  • Immunosuppressive elements within the TME, such as MDSCs and PD-L1, promote tumor survival.
  • Novel therapies like immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), CAR-T cell therapy, and oncolytic viruses show promise in remodeling the TME.

Conclusions:

  • Reprogramming the tumor microenvironment is crucial for overcoming treatment resistance.
  • Targeting TME components can enhance the efficacy of existing and novel immunotherapies.
  • Emerging TME-modulating strategies offer new avenues for effective cancer treatment.