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Perceived Gender in Clear and Conversational Speech.

Jaime A Booz, Sarah Hargus Ferguson, Brett R Myers1

  • 1Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Utah, USA.

Language and Speech
|June 8, 2025
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Summary

Clear speech, often used to overcome communication barriers, is perceived as more feminine, especially in male speakers. This speaking style may be a tool for achieving a more feminine vocal quality.

Keywords:
Gender perceptionclear speechspeech perception

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Area of Science:

  • Speech Perception
  • Acoustic Phonetics
  • Sociolinguistics

Background:

  • Clear speech is adopted to overcome perceived communication barriers.
  • Acoustic features of clear speech resemble those of speech perceived as feminine, including expanded vowel space and increased fundamental frequency.
  • The relationship between clear speech and perceived gender is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether clear speech is perceived as more feminine than conversational speech by naïve listeners.
  • To examine the acoustic correlates of perceived femininity in clear and conversational speech.

Main Methods:

  • Clear and conversational speech samples were collected from 20 male and 21 female talkers.
  • 17 young adults rated the perceived gender of the talkers using a visual analog scale.
  • Acoustic analyses measured fundamental frequency, vowel space, and speaking rate.

Main Results:

  • Clear speech was rated significantly more feminine than conversational speech for male talkers, but not for female talkers.
  • Perceived femininity was positively correlated with median fundamental frequency for both male and female talkers.
  • Perceived femininity was also correlated with vowel space perimeter for male talkers.

Conclusions:

  • Adopting a clear speaking style can increase perceived femininity, particularly for male speakers.
  • Clear speech may serve as one tool to help speakers achieve a more feminine vocal quality.
  • Clear speech alone may not be sufficient for a speaker to be perceived as female.