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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2025

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Changes in Evolutionary Developmental Control Points in the Amniote Limb May Explain Hyperphalangy.

Merijn A G de Bakker1, Luthfi Nurhidayat1,2, Alisha Kiran Dijkerman1

  • 1Animal Science & Health, Institute of Biology Leiden (IBL), Leiden University, Leiden 2333BE, the Netherlands.

Molecular Biology and Evolution
|June 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Evolutionary changes in limb development involve gene expression timing. Faster Gdf5 cycling correlates with more phalanges, while altered phalanx-to-claw transition timing drives limb diversity in amniotes.

Keywords:
amniotedevelopmentevo-devoevolutionhyperphalangylimb

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Comparative Genomics

Background:

  • Amniotes exhibit diverse limb phenotypes adapted for various functions.
  • Limb diversity arises from evolutionary modifications in developmental processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying amniote limb diversity.
  • Examine evolutionary changes in digit development, focusing on phalanx and claw formation.

Main Methods:

  • Transcriptomics and in situ hybridization across 13 amniote species.
  • Analysis of cyclically expressed genes during digit development.
  • Identification of the transition point between phalanx and claw formation.

Main Results:

  • Gdf5 cycling frequency correlates with the number of phalanges.
  • Identified novel cyclically expressed genes: Ackr3 and Wnt9a.
  • Discovered a conserved phalanx-to-claw transition point, with exceptions in clawless digits.

Conclusions:

  • Propose a model of transcriptional heterochrony controlling phalanx formation and phalanx-claw transition timing.
  • Suggest that altered transition timing can lead to hyperphalangy.
  • Hypothesize that developmental pathway 'hotspots' are targets for evolutionary adaptation in limb phenotypes.