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Relationship between gastroesophageal reflux and chronic kidney disease: A meta-analysis of 4 million patients

Andres Chaponan-Lavalle1, Ambar Godoy2, Jose M Estrada-Grossmann1

  • 1Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Perú.

Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology : Official Journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association
|June 9, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is linked to a higher prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This meta-analysis found a significant association, suggesting increased GERD risk in CKD patients.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is linked to increased gastrointestinal issues.
  • Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common gastrointestinal disorder.
  • The relationship between CKD and GERD requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically evaluate the association between CKD and GERD.
  • To determine the pooled prevalence of GERD in CKD patients.
  • To quantify the risk of GERD in individuals with CKD.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was performed across major databases up to November 2024.
  • Included studies were cross-sectional and case-control designs assessing CKD and GERD.
  • Data were analyzed using a random-effects model to calculate pooled odds ratios and prevalence.

Main Results:

  • Nine studies with 4,650,709 participants were included in this meta-analysis.
  • The pooled prevalence of GERD in CKD patients was 18% (95% CI: 0.10-0.26).
  • A marginally significant association was found, with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.48 (95% CI: 1.05-2.08) for GERD in CKD patients.

Conclusions:

  • This meta-analysis confirms a significant association between CKD and GERD.
  • Individuals with CKD exhibit a higher prevalence of GERD.
  • Further research is necessary to understand the underlying mechanisms and clinical implications.
Abstract

Keywords:
Chronic kidney diseaseesophageal refluxgastroesophageal reflux diseaseuremia

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