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Method matters: Comparing habitat- and process-based approaches for favorability assessment.

Galen Holt¹, Georgia K Dwyer¹, Rebecca E Lester¹

¹Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.

Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America

|June 9, 2025

Summary

Habitat-based and process-based modeling approaches yield different assessments of favorable areas for woody vegetation. Comparing these methods can reveal potential species range shifts, but they are not interchangeable.

Keywords:

ecohydrology, Murray–Darling Basin ecological responses habitat models management modeling process‐based models wetland vegetation

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Area of Science:

Ecology
Environmental modeling
Conservation biology

Background:

Environmental conditions and habitat types are often used as proxies for ecological outcomes.
Process-based models offer an alternative by incorporating physical drivers and life-cycle events.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare habitat-based and process-based modeling approaches for identifying favorable areas for four iconic woody vegetation species.
To assess the congruence and discrepancies between the two modeling methods.

Main Methods:

Modeled four woody vegetation species in the Murray-Darling Basin.
Applied a habitat-based approach using inundation of associated wetland types.
Utilized a process-based approach modeling life cycles dependent on inundation and soil moisture.

Main Results:

The habitat-based approach provided a fundamentally different assessment compared to the process-based approach.
Favorable areas identified by each method often did not overlap spatially.
Many locations were deemed favorable by one method but not the other.

Conclusions:

The two modeling approaches are not equivalent and produce distinct outcomes.
Careful selection of the appropriate method is crucial for specific ecological applications.
Comparing methods can highlight areas of potential species range contraction or expansion.