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Updated: Jun 12, 2025

Visualization of ATP Synthase Dimers in Mitochondria by Electron Cryo-tomography
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Visualization of ATP Synthase Dimers in Mitochondria by Electron Cryo-tomography

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Showing the Bonds-A Subtle but Important Difference in Figure Design that May Alleviate Student Confusion about ATP

Crystal Uminski1, Shreya Sujith1, Aneesh Nallani1

  • 1Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, United States.

Micropublication Biology
|June 9, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

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If one phosphate group is removed, a molecule of ADP—adenosine diphosphate—remains, along with inorganic phosphate. ADP can be further hydrolyzed to AMP—adenosine...
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ATP is a highly unstable molecule. Unless quickly used to perform work, ATP spontaneously dissociates into ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi), and the free energy released during this process is lost as heat. The energy released by ATP hydrolysis is used to perform work inside the cell and depends on a strategy called energy coupling. Cells couple the exergonic reaction of ATP hydrolysis with endergonic reactions, allowing them to proceed.
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