Peptides in plant-microbe interactions: Functional diversity and pharmacological applications

Area of Science:

• Plant science
• Microbiology
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Plant-microbe interactions are vital for ecosystem dynamics and evolution.
• Peptides mediate molecular recognition and signal transduction at the cell surface.
• Understanding these peptides is key to agricultural and medical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review peptides involved in plant-microbe interactions.
• To highlight their diversity, functions, and discovery methods.
• To discuss challenges and future directions.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of plant- and endophyte-derived peptides.
• Summary of technological advancements in peptide discovery (multi-omics, AI).
• Analysis of functional characterization, stability, and production challenges.

Main Results:

• Plant peptides (e.g., NCRs, RALFs, CLEs) regulate symbiosis and defense.
• Microbial peptides (e.g., lipopeptides) inhibit pathogens and promote growth.
• Various plant polypeptides enhance immunity and resistance.

Conclusions:

• Peptide discovery is accelerated by new technologies.
• Interdisciplinary research is needed to overcome challenges in peptide application.
• Peptides hold significant potential for agriculture and medicine.