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The Effect of Muscle Strength and Visual Contrast Sensitivity on Fall Risk Sway Velocity Index.

Kyle J Hackney¹, Miranda L Bradley¹, Sean Mahoney¹

¹Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA.

Journal of Frailty, Sarcopenia and Falls

|June 9, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Lower muscle strength and poor visual contrast sensitivity significantly increase fall risk. This interaction, particularly in older adults, highlights a critical factor in fall prevention strategies.

Keywords:

Aging Fall Risk Sarcopenia Strength Visual Contrast Sensitivity

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Area of Science:

Gerontology
Biomechanics
Vision Science

Background:

Age-related declines in muscle strength and visual contrast sensitivity are common.
Both factors are individually associated with increased fall risk.
The combined impact of these factors on fall risk requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the interaction between muscle strength and visual contrast sensitivity.
To determine if this interaction influences fall risk scores.
To analyze these relationships in a diverse age group.

Main Methods:

Ninety-one participants (aged 19-79) underwent assessments for knee extension strength, visual contrast sensitivity, and fall risk.
Data were analyzed using correlations, moderation analysis, and analysis of variance.
Participants were categorized into four groups based on high/low strength and high/low contrast sensitivity.

Main Results:

Muscle strength and visual contrast sensitivity were negatively correlated with age.
Fall risk scores were positively correlated with age.
The interaction between muscle strength and visual contrast sensitivity significantly predicted fall risk scores (P=0.018).
Individuals with lower strength and lower contrast sensitivity had significantly higher fall risk scores (P=0.045).

Conclusions:

Combined lower body muscle strength and reduced visual contrast sensitivity negatively impact fall risk.
This interaction is a significant predictor of fall risk, independent of age.
Targeting both strength and vision may be crucial for effective fall prevention.