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Gamma-aminobutiric acid-B receptor antibody-related limbic encephalitis due to small cell lung carcinoma: Two case
Athena D Myrou1, Martha G Spilioti2, Anthoula C Tsolaki2
1Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University General Hospital, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece. taniamyrou@gmail.com.
Background:
Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (LE) is an inflammatory condition that affects the limbic system, cerebellum, and peripheral nervous system. It causes a range of symptoms including short-term memory loss, impaired cognitive function, behavioral and psychological disorders, and seizures. Paraneoplastic LE can occur when an immune response is activated due to antibodies targeting gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) B receptor (GABABR) interacting with antigens on tumor cells and the nervous system, resulting in tumors primarily as small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC).
Case Summary:
We discuss two cases of GABABR antibody-related LE resulting from SCLC. The patients' symptoms were managed with immunotherapy but ended in premature death due to chemotherapy-related complications.
Conclusion:
Paraneoplastic syndrome is a notable cause of LE. Early intravenous immunoglobulin therapy may lead to temporary remission.
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