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Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease

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Published on: July 24, 2019

Digital Inclusion in Parkinson's Disease: A Case-Control Study.

Vincenzo Canoro¹, Andrea Pilotto², Francesco Lena³

¹Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Neuroscience Section University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.

Movement Disorders Clinical Practice

|June 9, 2025

Summary

People with Parkinson's disease (pwPD) experience significant digital exclusion, particularly in digital skills, hindering telemedicine access. This exclusion worsens with disease severity, impacting those most in need of remote care.

Keywords:

digital divide digital technology remote monitoring telehealth telemedicine

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Digital Health
Gerontology

Background:

Parkinson's disease (pwPD) patients are ideal candidates for telemedicine.
Digital exclusion poses a significant barrier to implementing telemedicine for pwPD.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare digital inclusion levels between pwPD and healthy controls (HC).
To identify socio-demographic and disease-specific factors influencing digital exclusion in pwPD.

Main Methods:

490 pwPD and 140 HC completed the Digital Inclusion Questionnaire (DIQUEST).
Data collected included demographics and clinical characteristics (Hoehn & Yahr, MDS-UPDRSIII, depression, cognitive decline).
Nonparametric tests and multivariate linear regression analyzed digital exclusion predictors.

Main Results:

pwPD exhibited greater digital exclusion than HC, primarily due to lower digital skills.
Depression, apathy, and mild cognitive decline correlated with increased digital exclusion.
Parkinson's disease presence and severity independently predicted higher digital exclusion.

Conclusions:

pwPD face substantial digital exclusion, limiting telemedicine adoption.
Individuals with more advanced Parkinson's disease are paradoxically more digitally excluded, despite greater need for remote services.