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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Types of RNA01:20

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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RNA Splicing01:32

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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Dual CRISPR-Interference Strategy for Targeting Synthetic Lethal Interactions Between Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer Cells
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Chemically modified non-coding RNAs in cancer.

Lulu Yang1, Boyang Wang1, Zhaohui Gong1,2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, https://ror.org/03et85d35Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.

Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine
|June 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chemically modified non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play crucial roles in cancer development and progression. Understanding ncRNA epitranscriptomics offers new avenues for cancer diagnosis and precision oncology treatments.

Keywords:
cancerchemical modificationdiagnosisnon-coding RNAtherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) regulate biological processes, and their dysregulation is linked to cancer.
  • Chemical modifications like m6A, ac4C, and glycosylation are critical for ncRNA function in cancer.
  • The precise roles of these modifications in tumorigenesis are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically analyze the roles of chemically modified ncRNAs in cancer biology.
  • To synthesize evidence on the mechanistic involvement of modified ncRNAs in malignancy.
  • To explore ncRNA epitranscriptomics in the context of cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic analysis of published studies.
  • Focus on modified ribosomal RNA (rRNA), circular RNA (circRNA), and other ncRNAs.
  • Synthesis of evidence on mechanistic involvement in cancer.

Main Results:

  • Specific chemical modifications drive oncogenesis and impact cancer diagnosis.
  • Modified ncRNAs affect therapeutic responses and possess prognostic potential.
  • Emerging connections between ncRNA epitranscriptomics and cancer are highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • ncRNA epitranscriptomics provides novel insights into cancer biomarkers.
  • Chemically modified ncRNAs represent potential intervention targets for precision oncology.