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Updated: Sep 19, 2025
09:12
The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress
Published on: July 4, 2013
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PAs' experience with violence and bias.
1At the American Academy of Physician Associates in Alexandria, Va., Sean Kolhoff is senior research analyst, and Noël E. Smith is senior director of PA and industry research and analysis. The authors have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.
Summary
Physician associates
Area of Science:
- Medical Sociology
- Healthcare Professional Well-being
- Patient-Provider Interactions
Background:
- Physician associates (PAs) play a vital role in healthcare delivery.
- Understanding factors influencing their safety and well-being is crucial.
- Patient-provider interactions can sometimes involve bias and violence.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the link between physician associates' personal characteristics and patient-driven violence and bias.
- To identify demographic predictors of biased patient behaviors experienced by PAs.
Main Methods:
- A national survey in 2022 included 2,246 physician associates.
- An optional module focused on experiences with biased patient behavior and workplace violence.
Main Results:
- 89.8% of PAs reported experiencing patient bias.
- Female PAs reported bias across nearly all assessed categories.
- 31.9% of PAs were threatened with physical harm; 6.1% experienced physical harm.
Conclusions:
- A PA's social identity is associated with their experiences of bias.
- Further research with purposeful sampling is needed to clarify the relationship between PA characteristics and patient violence rates.
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