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Updated: Sep 19, 2025

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
Published on: August 13, 2019
Menopausal hormone therapy: Making sense of current guidelines
1At the time this article was written, Ashley Church was a student at the University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine Physician Assistant Studies Program in Reno, Nev.; she now practices primary care at Western Sierra Medical Center in Grass Valley, Calif. Megan Biagi is an associate professor in the Department of Family and Community Medicine at the University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine Physician Assistant Studies Program. The authors have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.
Abstract:
Emerging evidence confirms that menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) remains the most effective treatment for managing vasomotor and genitourinary symptoms of menopause, with a favorable risk-benefit profile in specific patient populations. Recent studies also indicate that initiating MHT in appropriate candidates is associated with reduced cardiovascular disease risk and lower all-cause mortality. This article provides a comprehensive overview of current guidelines for primary care providers, advocating for an evidence-based, patient-centered approach to enhancing menopausal care across diverse patient populations.
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