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Related Concept Videos

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...

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Biomolecular Detection employing the Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor IRIS
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Label-Free Detection of Virus-Membrane Interactions Using Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption (SEIRA) Spectroscopy.

Amelie Teresa Heinen1,2, Saskia Heermant1,2, Daniel Christian Lauster3

  • 1Physics Department, Experimental Molecular Biophysics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, Berlin, 14195, Germany.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|June 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new method using SEIRA spectroscopy and tethered bilayer lipid membranes to observe how viruses like Influenza A bind to and fuse with host cell membranes. This technique offers molecular-level insights into viral infection mechanisms.

Keywords:
Influenza a virusSurface‐enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopyTethered bilayer lipid membranesViral bindingViral fusion

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Molecular Virology
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Viral entry involves essential steps of virus binding to host cell receptors and subsequent membrane fusion.
  • Investigating these virus-membrane interactions requires advanced techniques for in-situ, molecular-level analysis.
  • Developing new antiviral strategies necessitates a deeper understanding of viral protein function during infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a label-free spectroscopic method for studying virus-membrane interactions.
  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms of Influenza A virus binding and fusion using a model host membrane.
  • To establish a tool for analyzing viral protein function and potential inhibition.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy.
  • Employed tethered bilayer lipid membranes (tBLMs) as a model host cell membrane.
  • Used Influenza A/X-31 virus (IAV) and deuterated lipids for vibrational isotope effect analysis.

Main Results:

  • Successfully detected the specific binding of IAV hemagglutinin (HA) to sialic acid receptors (GD1a) on the tBLM using SEIRA.
  • Observed structural changes in HA upon triggering viral fusion with the model membrane via pH change.
  • Differentiated between viral and model membrane components by tracking lipid mixing using deuterated lipids and the vibrational isotope effect.

Conclusions:

  • SEIRA spectroscopy combined with tBLMs provides a powerful, label-free platform for studying virus-membrane interactions.
  • The method offers mechanistic insights into viral protein function, such as HA binding and fusion.
  • This approach can be applied to investigate the function and inhibition of viral proteins within intact virus particles.